دامپینگ در علم بازرگانی
از نظر تقسیم بندی 3 نوع دامپینگ وجود دارد که از عبارتند از:
دامپینگ مستمر یا دائمی
دامپینگ مستمر یا دائمی تمایل یک انحصار‌گر داخلی برای حداکثر کردن سود خود با فروش کالا به قیمتی بالا در بازار داخلی که فاقد محدودیت‌های تجاری یا هزینه‌های حمل‌ونقل است نسبت به قیمت خارجی که تحت‌تأثیر رقبای قدرتمند خارجی است ناشی می‌شود در این مورد می‌شود بازار خودرو در ایران را مثال زد که مثلا قیمت خودروهای ایرانی در بازارهای خارجی به‌مراتب پایینتر از قیمت همان خودروها در ایران است یا حتی شرکت سامسونگ که زمانی گوشی‌های موبایل خود را ۲۵ درصد ارزان‌تر در ایران نسبت به کشور خود می‌فروخت.
دامپینگ مخرب یا غارتگر
دامپینگ مخرب یا غارتگر عبارت است از فروش موقتی کالا در خارج به قیمت کمتر از قیمت داخل یا حتی با ضرر و فروش آن به قیمت کمتر از هزینه‌های تولید برای بیرون راندن رقبای دیگر و یا از بین بردن صنعت داخلی یک کشور. بنابراین بعد از بی‌رقیب شدن در بازار کالای مذکور قیمت‌ها جهت کسب سود حاصل از قدرت انحصاری بالا می‌رود. به‌عنوان مثال می‌شود از اقدام شرکت‌های چینی در بازار پوشاک و سایر کالاها را نام برد.
دامپینگ تصادفی
دامپینگ تصادفی، عبارت است از فروش اتفاقی یک کالا در بازار خارجی به قیمت کمتر از بازار داخلی برای تخلیه مازاد پیش‌بینی نشده کالاها به این دلیل که این مازاد باعث کاهش قیمت در بازار داخلی نشود، در واقع زمانی که اضافه تولید فروخته شد دامپینگ متوقف می‌شود.
ایجاد محدودیت‌های تجاری در بازار رقابتی ناسالم جهت حمایت از صنایع داخلی مجاز شناخته شده است. این محدودیت‌ها اغلب به‌صورت عوارض ضد‌دامپینگ و یا تهدید به وضع این عوارض خود را نشان میدهد.به هر حال تعیین نوع دامپینگ مشکل است و تولیدکنندگان در مقابل هر نوع دامپینگی از بازار داخلی حمایت میکنند.با این کار واردات محدود می‌شود و تولید و سود عرضه‌کنندگان داخلی افزایش مییابد.امکان دارد در دامپینگ مستمر یا تصادفی سودی که بابت پایین بودن قیمت نصیب مصرف‌کننده می‌شود بیش از زیانی باشد که تولید‌کننده میبیند.
طی دهه 90 ژاپن اقدام به دامپینگ در قیمت محصولاتی چون تلویزیون و فولاد در بازار آمریکا و محصولاتی مثل اتومبیل و فولاد در بازار اروپا کرده است.بسیاری از کشورهای صنعتی مانند کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا در نظر دارند از دامپینگ مستمر برای مازاد محصولات کشاورزی خود استفاده کنند.اگر استفاده از دامپینگ از طرف یک کشور یا شرکت اثبات شود کشور یا شرکت مزبور اقدام به افزایش قیمت خود خواهد کرد. مانند آنچه در سال ۱۹۷۶ و ۱۹۷۷ از شرکت فولکس واگن آلمان و تولیدکنندگان تلویزیون ژاپنی دیده شد تا با سیاست‌های ضد‌دامپینگ مواجه نشوند.
در سال ۱۹۷۸ دولت آمریکا یک مکانیسم شلیک قیمت را معرفی کرد با وجود چنین مکانیسمی هزینه فولادی که به آمریکا وارد می‌شود پایینتر از کمترین هزینه تولیدکنندگان خارجی مانند کره در اواخر دهه 80 خواهد بود.چنانچه دامپینگ کشف شود دولت آمریکا یک معافیت مالیاتی برای تولیدکنندگان داخلی صنعت فولاد در نظر میگیرد و این کار باعث می‌شود که قیمت فولاد وارداتی برابر با پایینترین هزینه تولید در داخل کشور شود.
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